Types of Authentication

Password-Based

Users enter a username and password.

Two-Factor (2FA)

Combines a password with a second factor like a mobile code or app.
I just can recommend to add this to your accounts if possible.

Multi-Factor (MFA)

USes multiple factors, such as a password, a smartphone and biometrics.

Biometric

Uses unique biological characteristics like fingerprints, facial recognition or iris scans.

Token-Based

Users posess a physical device (token) that generates a code.
Luxtrust in Luxembourg removed this one for banking systems as it is to unsecure.

Certificate-Based

Digital certificates authenticate users - often used in enterprise environments.

Single Sign-On (SSC)

Allows users to log in once and gain access to multiple systems without re-authenticating

Smart Card

Users authenticate by inserting a smart card into a reader and entering a PIN.

OAuth/OpenID Connect

USers authenticate via third party services (like Facebook or Google) to access different services.

Behavioral

Analyzes patterns un user behaviour (like typing speed, mouse mouvements and so on) to authenticate users.
This is often used on sites to avoid sign in tries with a bot.