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30. July 2025 10:49
| No. | Layer | Description | Device | Implementations Protocols |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | Application | Provides services directly to user applications. Identifies communication partners, identifies quality of service, considers user authentication and privacy and determines if adequate ressources are present. |
Gateway | SMB HTTP SMTP FTP SNMP Telnet AppleTalk |
| 6 | Presentation | Performs data transformations and services including formatting, compression and encryption services to provide a common interface for user applications. | Gateway Redirectors |
HTTP FTP Telnet SMTP AFP TDI |
| 5 | Session | Establishes, manages and terminates connections between applications at each end. Allows 2 applications to communicate over a network by opening a sessions and synchronizing the involved computers. |
Gateway | NetBEUI TCP UDP SPX |
| 4 | Transport | Provides transparent transfer of data between end systems by insulating layers 5-7 from complexities of layers 1-3. Responsible for end to end error recovery and flow control and ensures complete data transfer. |
Gateway | IP IPX NWLink NetBEUI |
| 3 | Network | Establishes, maintains and terminates network connections. Handles traffic management including addressing, routing, switching, forwarding, local paths and virtual circuits, error handling, congestion control and packet sequencing. |
Router Brouter |
IP IPX NWLink NetBEUI |
| 2 | Data Link | Divided into two sub-layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) sub layer controls how a networked computer gains access to the data and permission to transmit it The Logical Link Control (LLC) sub layer controls frame synchronization, flow control and error checking. |
Switch Bridge Router |
Ethernet PPP HDLC |
| 1 | Physical | Controls transmission of the bit stream data over the physical medium. Standards for this layer address transmission at the electrical and menchanical level including signal voltage swing, voltage duration, etc. |
Multiplexer Repeater |
Ethernet Token Ring FDDI |
